Mark’s Failing Heart
Three Blood Volume Regulating Hormone Systems
Author(s)
Abstract
This directed case study centers on the story of a 65-year-old man with a weakened ventricle, resulting in reduced cardiac output. Students are provided with a description of the patient’s acute heart failure event and a hospital chart that includes his history, physical exam, blood test results, chest X-ray, ECG and ejection fraction. Students review this information in order to answer a series of 18 questions. Background information explains the importance of maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the factors that contribute to MAP, including cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and blood volume. Also described are three volume/pressure regulating hormone systems: renin angiotensin, aldosterone system (RAAS); antidiuretic hormone (ADH); and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain (ventricular) natriuretic peptide (BNP). The use of Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan), a novel drug used in treating patients with acute heart failure, is also considered. The case was developed for college-level pre-nursing, pre-med, biology, and physiology students.
Objectives
- Deepen understanding of MAP and the factors that influence MAP including blood volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
- Deepen understanding of the three hormone systems that regulate blood volume and pressure (RAAS, ADH and ANP/BNP).
- Deepen understanding of left ventricle heart failure, its potential causes, and treatment.
Keywords
Heart failure; blood volume; renin; angiotensin; aldosterone; RAAS; atrial natriuretic peptide; ANP; Entresto; mean arterial pressure; MAP; cardiac output; ADH; antidiuretic hormone; brain natriuretic peptide; BNPTopical Areas
N/AEducational Level
Undergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper divisionFormat
PDFType / Methods
DirectedLanguage
EnglishSubject Headings
Anatomy | Physiology | Medicine (General) | Nursing |
Date Posted
03/27/2020Teaching Notes
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